Chapter-1 (Crop
Production and Management)
CBSE-Class 8
Þ crop : When
plants of the same kind are grown and cultivated at one place on a large scale is called a crop.
Þ variety of crops:
i.
Kharif Crops : The crops which are sown in the
rainy season are called kharif crops.
Ex-Paddy, maize, soyabean,
groundnut,
cotton, etc., are kharif crops.
ii.
Rabi Crops : The crops grown in the winter season are
called rabi crops. Ex- wheat, gram,
pea, mustard and linseed.
Þ Fertilizers : The substances which are added to the soil
in the form of nutrients for the healthy
growth of plants are called fertilizers.
Þ Types of fertilizers :
i.
Natural
fertilizers: The fertilizers which obtained from plants
and animal wastes are called natural
fertilizers.
ii.
Chemical
fertilizers: The fertilizers which obtained from chemical
factories are called chemical
fertilizers.
Þ Irrigation: The supply
of water to crops at different intervals is called irrigation. The sources of irrigation are— wells,
tubewells, ponds,lakes, rivers, dams and
canals.
Þ Methods of irrigation:
i.
Traditional methods: Canal, Furrow,
Chain pump, moat, dhekli etc are the traditional methods of irrigation.
ii.
Modern
methods: Sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation are
the modern methods of irrigation.
Þ Tilling or ploughing: The
process of loosening and turning of the soil is called tilling or ploughing.
Þ Hoe : The simple
tool which is used for removing weeds and for loosening the soil is called Hoe.
Þ Cultivator
: A device which is
used for preparing of soil called is cultivator. Now a days ploughing is done by
tractor driven cultivator.
Þ Sawing: The
process in which the seeds sows uniformly at proper distances and depths is called sawing.
Þ Seed drill
:A tool which is used
for sowing is called Seed drill .
Þ Weeds: In a
field many other undesirable plants may grow naturally along with the crop. These undesirable
plants are called weeds.
Þ Weeding: The removal of weeds is called
weeding.
Þ Weedicides : Such chemicals which controles the Weeds are called weedicides.
Þ harvesting :The
cutting of crop after it is mature is called harvesting.
Þ Harvester: A
machine which is used for harvesting called harvester.
Þ Threshing: . The process of separating the
grain from
the chaff is called threshing.
