Crop Production and Management-CBSE Class-8(Key Notes)

           

Chapter-1 (Crop Production and Management)

CBSE-Class 8

Þ  crop : When plants of the same kind are grown and cultivated at one place on a large scale is called a crop.

Þ  variety of crops:

                                                                  i.            Kharif Crops : The crops which are sown in the rainy season are called kharif crops. Ex-Paddy, maize, soyabean, groundnut,

     cotton, etc., are kharif crops.

                                                               ii.            Rabi Crops : The crops grown in the winter season are called rabi crops. Ex- wheat, gram, pea, mustard and linseed.

Þ  Fertilizers : The substances which are added to the soil in the form of nutrients for the healthy growth of plants are called fertilizers.

Þ  Types of fertilizers :

                                                                i.            Natural fertilizers: The fertilizers which obtained from  plants and animal wastes are called natural fertilizers.

                                                             ii.            Chemical fertilizers: The fertilizers which obtained from chemical factories are called chemical fertilizers.

Þ  Irrigation: The supply of water to crops at different intervals is called irrigation. The sources of irrigation are— wells, tubewells,        ponds,lakes, rivers, dams and canals.

Þ  Methods of irrigation:

                                                            i.            Traditional methods: Canal, Furrow, Chain pump, moat, dhekli etc are the traditional methods of irrigation.

                                                         ii.            Modern methods: Sprinkler irrigation and drip irrigation are the modern methods of irrigation.

Þ  Tilling or ploughing: The process of loosening and turning of the soil   is called tilling or ploughing.

Þ  Hoe : The simple tool which is used for removing weeds and for  loosening the soil is called Hoe.

                                     

  Þ  Cultivator : A device which is used for preparing of soil called is  cultivator. Now a days ploughing is done by tractor driven cultivator.

Þ  Sawing: The process in which the seeds sows uniformly at proper  distances and depths is called sawing.

Þ  Seed drill :A tool which is used for sowing is called Seed drill .

Þ  Weeds: In a field many other undesirable plants may grow naturally   along with the crop. These undesirable plants are called weeds.

Þ  Weeding: The removal of weeds is called weeding.

Þ  Weedicides : Such chemicals which controles the Weeds are  called weedicides.

Þ  harvesting :The cutting of crop after it is mature is called harvesting.

Þ   Harvester:   A machine which is used for harvesting called harvester.

Þ  Threshing:   . The process of separating the grain from the chaff  is called  threshing.